Joseph Schlesinger, II, M.D., FCCM, is a professor in the Department of Anesthesiology and the Division of Critical Care Medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. He also holds an appointment at Vanderbilt’s Blair School of Music as a researcher in music and medicine. His research interests include multisensory integration, aural perception, temporal precision, alarm development, patient monitoring, and medical education; also, the design of devices to improve patient safety using biomedical engineering.